In Python, numbers are represented using various numeric data types. The main numeric data types in Python include integers, floating-point numbers, and complex numbers. Here's a brief overview of each type:
1. Integers (`int`): Integers represent whole numbers without any fractional or decimal part. They can be positive or negative.
x = 5
y = -10
2. Floating-Point Numbers (`float`): Floating-point numbers represent real numbers with a fractional part. They are written with a decimal point.
pi = 3.14159
temperature = -20.5
3. Complex Numbers (`complex`): Complex numbers consist of a real part and an imaginary part, written in the form `a + bi`, where `a` is the real part, `b` is the imaginary part, and `i` is the imaginary unit.
z = 3 + 4j
Python also provides built-in functions and operators for working with numbers, including arithmetic operations (`+`, `-`, `*`, `/`, `//` for integer division, `%` for modulus), comparison operators (`==`, `!=`, `<`, `>`, `<=`, `>=`), and mathematical functions (e.g., `abs()`, `pow()`, `round()`).
Here are some examples of using these operations:
# Arithmetic operations
result = 10 + 5 # Addition
result = 10 - 5 # Subtraction
result = 10 * 5 # Multiplication
result = 10 / 5 # Division
result = 10 // 3 # Integer division
result = 10 % 3 # Modulus
result = 2 ** 3 # Exponentiation
# Comparison operations
is_equal = (10 == 5) # Equal to
is_not_equal = (10 != 5) # Not equal to
is_greater = (10 > 5) # Greater than
is_less = (10 < 5) # Less than
is_greater_equal = (10 >= 5) # Greater than or equal to
is_less_equal = (10 <= 5) # Less than or equal to
# Mathematical functions
absolute_value = abs(-10) # Absolute value
power = pow(2, 3) # Exponentiation
rounded_value = round(3.14159) # Rounding
Python also supports working with numeric literals in different bases, such as binary (`0b`), octal (`0o`), and hexadecimal (`0x`). For example:
binary_number = 0b1010 # Binary literal (decimal value: 10)
octal_number = 0o12 # Octal literal (decimal value: 10)
hexadecimal_number = 0xA # Hexadecimal literal (decimal value: 10)
These are some of the basics of working with numbers in Python. Python's flexible numeric system allows you to perform a wide range of numerical computations and operations.